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Why I built JawSim.

I am not a surgeon. I came to this from the other side of the desk, as an orthognathic patient at a maxillofacial clinic in Lisbon, being told what my face was going to be cut into and having no way at all to picture it.

What the surgery would do to my face

The plan: a bimaxillary advancement, Le Fort I and BSSO, with a counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane and an advancement genioplasty. I understood the words. I could not see the face. So, as an experiment, I fitted a head model to my own photograph and pushed the plan through it. Left: the photograph. Middle: the sketch. Right: five weeks after surgery.

Baseline right profile photograph before any planned movement
Baseline
Pre-operative, 13 July 2026. Untouched.
Illustrative preview of the surgical plan as performed, generated from the pre-operative photograph
The sketch
Made by JawSim from the photograph on the left, before surgery. Disclaimer burnt in.
Photograph of the same right profile five weeks after bimaxillary surgery, in the same frame as the pre-operative photograph
The result, 5 weeks on
14 September 2026. Not generated, not retouched. Still swollen.

Looking at the sketch, I knew I would have said yes to that face. That is when JawSim stopped being an experiment. If one photograph and a few sliders could give a patient that much, a clinic could put it in front of every patient at the first consultation. So I built it into software.

Read the full account

I was referred in February 2024 after a diagnosis of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. The workup found the cause was skeletal: a severe transverse maxillary deficiency with bilateral posterior crossbite, a Class II maxillomandibular discrepancy with retrognathia, a maxillary cant and deviated dental midlines, together reducing my upper airway volume. Seven years of a mandibular advancement device had helped only partially. The plan was third molar extraction, surgically assisted maxillary expansion, orthodontic decompensation, then bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with a genioplasty.

The vocabulary that makes a plan precise for a surgeon is the same vocabulary that makes it invisible to a patient.

Here is the part that still strikes me. That first talk was February 2024. My surgery took place in the second half of 2026 - and the three-dimensional virtual planning was done only then, at the very end, after the expansion, after six months of consolidation, after the aligners and the fixed appliances. Every tool that could have shown me my own face arrived roughly two and a half years after the appointment where I had to decide. Not because anyone did anything wrong. That is simply where the tooling sits.

How the sketch was made

A 3D morphable head model fitted to my photographs, the skeletal movements my surgeon had described applied to it, and a generic soft-tissue response pushed through to the skin. Population averages, no patient-specific biomechanics, no claim of accuracy.

Why clinics, and not just me

Patients arriving at a first orthognathic consultation generally do not know that a genioplasty is a separate osteotomy from a BSSO, that maxillary advancement lifts the alar base, or that rotating the occlusal plane can change a profile more than advancing it. They are not incapable of understanding it. They have no mental model to attach the words to, and thirty minutes is not enough to build one out of speech alone. That is also why I wrote a plain-language glossary of the vocabulary, which clinics are welcome to hand to patients.

Surgeons already know this, which is why consultation time goes into drawing on paper, turning a monitor around, or reaching for someone else's before-and-after photographs of a different face with a different skeleton. JawSim replaces that last one. It puts the movement on this patient's face, in a couple of minutes, from photographs the practice already takes, at the stage where nothing else exists.

What it is not

JawSim is not virtual surgical planning. It reads no CBCT, does no cephalometric analysis, produces no splints or cutting guides, and replaces nothing in that category. Those tools answer a different question, later, with data JawSim never touches. It occupies the empty slot before them: the first conversation, where the question is not "what exactly will we cut" but "what does this broadly mean for my face, and do I want it".

Visualization aid, NOT a medical prediction. JawSim uses illustrative population-average norms and a generic soft-tissue response. It is not a surgical plan, not a simulation of an individual outcome, and not a substitute for clinical judgement. Every generated image carries a burnt-in disclaimer, including the ones on this page, which are of my own face.
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